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<h3>Civil Rights Timeline: Jan. 15, 1929 - Dec. 21, 1956</h3>
<pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Jan. 15, 1929 - Dr. King is born -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Born on Jan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>15, 1929, in </pre><pre>Atlanta, Ga., he was the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></pre><pre>second of three children of the Rev. Michael (later Martin) and </pre><pre>Alberta</pre><pre>Williams King. </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Sept. 1, 1954 - Dr. King becomes pastor - In 1954, King accepted his </pre><pre>first pastorate--the</pre><pre>Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Ala.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He and his wife,</pre><pre>Coretta Scott King, whom he had met and married (June 1953) while at</pre><pre>Boston University.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Dec. 1, 1955 -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Rosa Parks defies city segregation - Often called </pre><pre>"the mother of the civil</pre><pre>rights movement," Rosa Louise McCauley Parks, b. Tuskegee, Ala., Feb. </pre><pre>4,</pre><pre>1913, sparked the 381-day Montgomery bus boycott that led to a 1956</pre><pre>Supreme Court order outlawing discriminatory practices on Montgomery</pre><pre>buses. In December 1955, returning home from her assistant tailor job </pre><pre>in</pre><pre>Montgomery, Parks refused a bus driver's order to surrender her seat </pre><pre>to a</pre><pre>white man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>She was jailed and fined $14.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Dec. 5, 1955 - Montgomery bus boycott- Although precipitated by the </pre><pre>arrest of Rosa</pre><pre>Parks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56 was actually a </pre><pre>collective</pre><pre>response to decades of intimidation, harassment and discrimination </pre><pre>of</pre><pre>Alabama's African American population. By 1955, judicial decisions </pre><pre>were</pre><pre>still the principal means of struggle for civil rights, even though </pre><pre>picketing,</pre><pre>marches and boycotts sometimes punctuated the litigation. The boycott,</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>which lasted for more than a year, was almost 100 percent effective. </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Dec. 21, 1956 - Bus segregation declared illegal - The boycott's </pre><pre>succeeded in</pre><pre>desegregating public facilities in the South and also in obtaining </pre><pre>civil rights</pre><pre>legislation from Congress.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Civil Rights Timeline</pre><pre>Sept. 24, 1957 - May 2, 1963</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Sept. 24, 1957 - School integration - In September 1957 the state </pre><pre>received national</pre><pre>attention when Gov. Orval E. Faubus (in office 1955-67) tried to </pre><pre>prevent</pre><pre>the integration of Little Rock Central High School. President Dwight </pre><pre>D.</pre><pre>Eisenhower quickly intervened, in part by sending federal troops to </pre><pre>Little</pre><pre>Rock, and several black students were enrolled at Central High School.</pre><pre> </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Aug. 19, 1958 - Student sit-ins - In spite of the events in Little </pre><pre>Rock or Montgomery, or</pre><pre>Supreme Court decisions, segregation still pervaded American society </pre><pre>by</pre><pre>1960. While protests and boycotts achieved moderate successes in</pre><pre>desegregating aspects of education and transportation, other </pre><pre>facilities such</pre><pre>as restaurants, theaters, libraries, amusement parks and churches </pre><pre>either</pre><pre>barred or limited access to African Americans, or maintained separate,</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>invariably inferior, facilities for black patrons. Nowhere was the</pre><pre>contradiction of accepting money with one hand while withholding </pre><pre>service</pre><pre>with the other so glaring as the lunch counters of five-and-ten cent </pre><pre>stores</pre><pre>and department stores. </pre><pre>This situation coincided with a growing dissatisfaction among the </pre><pre>young</pre><pre>black population. Although many of them enjoyed political, education </pre><pre>and</pre><pre>economic rights undreamed of by their elders, the remaining barriers</pre><pre>seemed as high as ever. Often violence, threats and political </pre><pre>machinations,</pre><pre>such as token integration maintained the status quo. This exhibit </pre><pre>features a</pre><pre>restored dime store lunch counter, populated with student protesters, </pre><pre>and</pre><pre>includes audio visual segments of the events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>May 3, 1961 - "Freedom Riders" -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Congress of Racial Equality </pre><pre>organizes the</pre><pre>"Freedom Riders."</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Sept. 30, 1962 - University Riot - During the 1960s, Mississippi was </pre><pre>a center of the Civil</pre><pre>Rights movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Despite the 1954 Supreme Court decision making</pre><pre>segregated schools illegal, the state did not quickly institute </pre><pre>racial</pre><pre>integration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In 1962 a black student, James Meredith, attempted to </pre><pre>attend</pre><pre>the University of Mississippi law school. His admission was blocked, </pre><pre>and</pre><pre>during the subsequent violence, federal troops were sent to restore </pre><pre>order to</pre><pre>a 15 hour riot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Violent incidents against blacks took place as the </pre><pre>struggle</pre><pre>for integration continued. </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>May 2, 1963 - Youth Marches - Youth Marches occur at City Hall.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Civil Rights Timeline</pre><pre>Aug. 28, 1963 - May 7, 1965</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Aug. 28, 1963 - King delivers his "I have a dream" speech -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>King </pre><pre>organized the massive</pre><pre>March on Washington (Aug.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>28, 1963) where, in his brilliant "I Have </pre><pre>a</pre><pre>Dream" speech, he "subpoenaed the conscience of the nation before </pre><pre>the</pre><pre>judgment seat of morality." </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Jan. 23, 1964 - 24th Amendment ratified - The 24th Amendment to the U.</pre><pre>S. </pre><pre>Constitution, proposed by Congress on Aug.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>27, 1962, and ratified </pre><pre>Jan. </pre><pre>23, 1964, bans the use of poll taxes in federal elections (a device </pre><pre>imposed</pre><pre>by some states to circumvent the 15th Amendment's guarantee of equal</pre><pre>voting rights).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Intended to alleviate the burdens of black and poor </pre><pre>citizens,</pre><pre>it states that in any presidential or congressional election, no </pre><pre>citizen can be</pre><pre>denied, by the state or federal government, the right to vote because </pre><pre>of</pre><pre>failure to pay either a poll tax or any other tax.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Jul. 2, 1964 - Civil Rights Act - Congress enacted new legislation in </pre><pre>an attempt to</pre><pre>overcome local and state obstruction to the exercise of citizenship </pre><pre>rights by</pre><pre>blacks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These efforts culminated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, </pre><pre>which</pre><pre>prohibited discrimination in employment and established the Equal</pre><pre>Employment Opportunity Commission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This major piece of legislation </pre><pre>also</pre><pre>banned discrimination in public accommodations connected with </pre><pre>interstate</pre><pre>commerce, including restaurants, hotels, and theaters.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Dec. 10, 1964 - Nobel Peace Prize -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In January 1964, Time magazine </pre><pre>chose King Man</pre><pre>of the Year, the first black American so honored.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Later that year </pre><pre>he</pre><pre>became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Mar. 7, 1965 - Montgomery March - After supporting desegregation </pre><pre>efforts in Saint</pre><pre>Augustine, Fla., in 1964, King concentrated his efforts on the voter-</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>registration drive in Selma, Ala., leading a harrowing march from </pre><pre>Selma to</pre><pre>Montgomery in March 1965.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Soon after, a tour of the northern cities </pre><pre>led</pre><pre>him to assail the conditions of economic as well as social </pre><pre>discrimination. </pre><pre>This marked a shift in SCLC strategy, one intended to "bring the </pre><pre>Negro into</pre><pre>the mainstream of American life as quickly as possible." </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Civil Rights Timeline</pre><pre>Aug. 6, 1965 - Jun. 12, 1966</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Aug. 6, 1965 - Voting Rights Act - The Voting Rights Act authorized </pre><pre>the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>attorney</pre><pre>general to send federal examiners to register black voters under </pre><pre>certain</pre><pre>circumstances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It also suspended all literacy tests in states in </pre><pre>which less than</pre><pre>50% of the voting-age population had been registered or had voted in </pre><pre>the</pre><pre>1964 election.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The law had an immediate impact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>By the end of 1965 </pre><pre>a</pre><pre>quarter of a million new black voters had been registered, one third </pre><pre>by</pre><pre>federal examiners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Voting Rights Act was readopted and </pre><pre>strengthened</pre><pre>in 1970, 1975, and 1982.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Aug. 11, 1965 - Rioting in Watts - As desegregation progressed in the </pre><pre>South, attention</pre><pre>began to shift northward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Targets in the North, however, were more</pre><pre>elusive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Segregation in the northern cities did not rest on laws so </pre><pre>much as</pre><pre>on attitudes, customs, and economic relationships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These were more</pre><pre>difficult to confront with the tactics of nonviolent protest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></pre><pre>Frustration and</pre><pre>resentment grew in the black ghettos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In 1965 the Watts area of Los</pre><pre>Angeles erupted into a riot that lasted for several days and left 34 </pre><pre>dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For</pre><pre>three successive summers, outbursts of rebellion occurred in cities </pre><pre>across</pre><pre>the country. </pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Jan. 7, 1966 - "Open City" - King announces the "Open City" campaign </pre><pre>to fight problems</pre><pre>in the North.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>June 6, 1966 - Meredith Shot - James Meredith is shot shortly after </pre><pre>he begins a voting</pre><pre>rights march.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>June 12, 1966 - Chicago Riot - Rioting breaks out in Chicago.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Civil Rights Timeline</pre><pre>Jun. 23, 1967- Apr. 9, 1968</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Jun. 23, 1967 - Detroit Riot -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The most massive was the Detroit riot </pre><pre>of 1967, which</pre><pre>lasted nearly a week, claimed 40 lives, and destroyed property worth </pre><pre>$250</pre><pre>million. The passions and upheavals of the 1960s gave way to at least </pre><pre>the</pre><pre>appearance of calm in the 1970s and '80s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Protests became less </pre><pre>frequent</pre><pre>and widespread as blacks and whites alike took stock of the gains of </pre><pre>one of</pre><pre>the most tumultuous periods in U.S. history.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Mar. 2 1968, - Separate and Unequal - A report is released that the </pre><pre>Nation is divided into</pre><pre>groups of Blacks and whites.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Apr. 4, 1968 - Dr. King is assassinated - On Apr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>4, 1968, King was </pre><pre>felled by an</pre><pre>assassin's bullet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The violent death of this man of peace brought </pre><pre>an</pre><pre>immediate reaction of rioting in black ghettos around the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></pre><pre>Although</pre><pre>one man, James Earl Ray, was convicted of King's murder, the question </pre><pre>of</pre><pre>whether he was the paid agent of conspirators has not been </pre><pre>conclusively</pre><pre>resolved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is clear only that the United States was deprived of a </pre><pre>towering</pre><pre>symbol of moral and social progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>King's birthday was declared a </pre><pre>federal</pre><pre>holiday in 1983.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Apr. 8, 1968 - City Hall March - Coretta King leads a march of 42,000 </pre><pre>to city hall to</pre><pre>mourn her husbands death.</pre><pre><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Apr. 9, 1968 - Dr. King is buried - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is </pre><pre>buried at south View</pre><pre>Cemetery. A crowd of 50,000 to 100,000 is present as they mourn the</pre><pre>death of a towering symbol of moral and social progress for Black Americans.</pre></div>
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